名词解释：
PV(Physical Volume) - 物理卷
物理卷在逻辑卷管理中处于最底层，它可以是实际物理硬盘上的分区，也可以是整个物理硬盘，也可以是raid设备
VG(Volume Group) - 卷组
卷组建立在物理卷之上，一个卷组中至少要包括一个物理卷，在卷组建立之后可动态添加物理卷到卷组中。一个逻辑卷管理系统工程中可以只有一个卷组，也可以拥有多个卷组
LV(Logical Volume) - 逻辑卷
逻辑卷建立在卷组之上，卷组中的未分配空间可以用于建立新的逻辑卷，逻辑卷建立后可以动态地扩展和缩小空间。系统中的多个逻辑卷可以属于同一个卷组，也可以属于不同的多个卷组
创建LVM步骤
添加新硬盘；
给新硬盘创建分区；
创建PV；
创建VG；
创建LV；
格式化LV；
挂载LV到指定目录；
在AWS上创建LVM步骤如下：
1、先在控制台上添加存储；
2、查看添加的硬盘，
[root@hongsinvm ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/nvme1n1: 483.2 GB, 483183820800 bytes, 943718400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000c7ec9
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/nvme0n1p1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/nvme0n1p2 2099200 41943039 19921920 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 18.2 GB, 18249416704 bytes, 35643392 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
创建lvm 8e分区：
[root@hongsinvm ~]# fdisk /dev/nvme1n1
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x56ce9c54.
Command (m for help): o
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x98e04e99.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/nvme1n1: 483.2 GB, 483183820800 bytes, 943718400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x98e04e99
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-943718399, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-943718399, default 943718399):
Using default value 943718399
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 450 GiB is set
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/nvme1n1: 483.2 GB, 483183820800 bytes, 943718400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x98e04e99
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/nvme1n1p1 2048 943718399 471858176 83 Linux
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/nvme1n1: 483.2 GB, 483183820800 bytes, 943718400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x98e04e99
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/nvme1n1p1 2048 943718399 471858176 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
重新读取分区
partprobe
创建PV
[root@hongsinvm ~]# pvcreate /dev/nvme1n1p1
Physical volume "/dev/nvme1n1p1" successfully created.
创建VG
[root@hongsinvm ~]# vgcreate datavg /dev/nvme1n1p1
Volume group "datavg" successfully created
创建LV
[root@hongsinvm ~]# lvcreate -l 100%free -n datalv datavg
Logical volume "datalv" created.
格式化LV
[root@hongsinvm ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/datavg/datalv
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
29491200 inodes, 117963776 blocks
5898188 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2267021312
3600 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
102400000
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
创建分区并挂载
[root@hongsinvm ~]# mkdir /data
[root@hongsinvm ~]# mount /dev/datavg/datalv /data/
[root@hongsinvm ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 16G 17M 16G 1% /run
pfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 1.9G 16G 12% /
/dev/nvme0n1p1 1014M 265M 750M 27% /boot
tmpfs 3.1G 0 3.1G 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/datavg-datalv 443G 73M 421G 1% /data
加入开机启动
[root@hongsinvm ~]# blkid
/dev/mapper/centos-root: UUID="2489f74a-946e-452a-bf62-1a1890668844" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/nvme0n1p2: UUID="c6AGGx-gtd0-N6XE-5qP2-phqY-V4Hr-BurxpM" TYPE="LVM2_member"
/dev/nvme0n1p1: UUID="75eb43ef-927b-4b24-af8e-bfc46bd0c2c2" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/mapper/centos-swap: UUID="9424b55f-2eb2-4156-b6ea-8d4bacf27d02" TYPE="swap"
/dev/nvme1n1p1: UUID="D0fh8n-ezI3-2Ork-bdAY-d0mE-R8eC-DrtDSy" TYPE="LVM2_member"
/dev/mapper/datavg-datalv: UUID="35c5eb3d-a7a0-4365-9ab9-91e1069c1d65" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/nvme1n1: PTTYPE="dos"
/dev/nvme0n1: PTTYPE="dos"
[root@hongsinvm ~]# vim /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Tue Aug 13 06:35:13 2019
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/centos-root / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=75eb43ef-927b-4b24-af8e-bfc46bd0c2c2 /boot xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=35c5eb3d-a7a0-4365-9ab9-91e1069c1d65 /data ext4 defaults 0 0
/dev/mapper/centos-swap swap swap defaults 0 0
"/etc/fstab" 12L, 458C written
[root@hongsinvm ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 16G 17M 16G 1% /run
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 1.9G 16G 12% /
/dev/nvme0n1p1 1014M 265M 750M 27% /boot
tmpfs 3.1G 0 3.1G 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/datavg-datalv 443G 73M 421G 1% /data
